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What is the Difference of Two Squares?

Some patterns in algebra are worth memorizing the way a carpenter memorizes a speed square — and a² − b² = (a + b)(a − b) is the most-used one in the shop. Whenever you spot one perfect square minus another, the factorization writes itself: x² − 9 becomes (x + 3)(x − 3), and 49 − 4y² becomes (7 + 2y)(7 − 2y). It runs in reverse too, which is the real power move: (x + 5)(x − 5) multiplies out to x² − 25 without a single FOIL step, the middle terms always canceling each other out.

The pattern hides in plain sight on tests. A fraction like (x² − 16)/(x − 4) looks unsimplifiable until the numerator factors into (x + 4)(x − 4) and the whole thing collapses to x + 4. Mental-math wizards use it for arithmetic as well: 37² − 33² is ugly to compute directly, but (37 + 33)(37 − 33) = 70 × 4 = 280 in seconds. This calculator verifies the factorization: enter a and b, and it shows a², b², the difference, both factors, and the product check that multiplies them back together — the full round trip from expression to factors and home again.

With the pre-filled defaults — a (first value) 7, b (second value) 3 — the Difference of Two Squares returns a² 49.0000, b² 9.0000, a² - b² 40.0000, Factor 1: (a+b) 10.0000, Factor 2: (a-b) 4.0000, Product check: (a+b)(a-b) 40.0000. Change any input and those results update instantly, so you can see exactly how each number you enter moves the answer.

How to Use the Difference of Two Squares

  1. 1Confirm your expression is one square minus another — x² − 9 qualifies; x² + 9 does not.
  2. 2Type the first value a in the a (first value) box — for 7² − 3², enter 7; for x² − 9, enter 3, the square root of the first term.
  3. 3Type the second value b in the b (second value) box — for 7² − 3², enter 3.
  4. 4Read the Factor 1: (a+b) and Factor 2: (a-b) boxes — (10) and (4) here.
  5. 5Check the Product check box: (a+b)(a−b) should equal the a² - b² box exactly (40 = 40).
  6. 6Apply the pattern to algebra: for x² − 16, the factors are (x + 4)(x − 4).

Formula

a² - b² = (a+b)(a-b)

This is the core equation the Difference of Two Squares uses to calculate results. Enter values in the calculator above to see it in action.

See the full step-by-step formula guide with worked examples →

Common Examples

ScenarioCalculationResult
7² - 3²a (first value) = 7, b (second value) = 3a² = 49.0000; b² = 9.0000; a² - b² = 40.0000; Factor 1: (a+b) = 10.0000; Factor 2: (a-b) = 4.0000; Product check: (a+b)(a-b) = 40.0000
x=5, y=2a (first value) = 5, b (second value) = 2a² = 25.0000; b² = 4.0000; a² - b² = 21.0000; Factor 1: (a+b) = 7.0000; Factor 2: (a-b) = 3.0000; Product check: (a+b)(a-b) = 21.0000

Value Reference Table

See how the a² changes as a (first value) moves across its typical range — every row below is calculated live with the same formula as the calculator above.

a (first value)a²b²a² - b²Factor 1: (a+b)Factor 2: (a-b)Product check: (a+b)(a-b)
24.00009.0000-5.00005.0000-1.0000-5.0000
416.00009.00007.00007.00001.00007.0000
525.00009.000016.00008.00002.000016.0000
749.00009.000040.000010.00004.000040.0000
981.00009.000072.000012.00006.000072.0000
10100.00009.000091.000013.00007.000091.0000
20400.00009.0000391.000023.000017.0000391.0000
30900.00009.0000891.000033.000027.0000891.0000

Practice Problems

Check your understanding of the Difference of Two Squares with these practice problems. Click a problem to reveal its correct calculated answer.

Q1

7² - 3²: a (first value) 7, b (second value) 3 — work it out, then check the answer.

Show Answer
With a (first value) 7, b (second value) 3, the results are a² 49.0000, b² 9.0000, a² - b² 40.0000, Factor 1: (a+b) 10.0000, Factor 2: (a-b) 4.0000, Product check: (a+b)(a-b) 40.0000.
Q2

Plug in a (first value) 6.25, b (second value) 2. What is the answer?

Show Answer
Entering a (first value) 6.25, b (second value) 2 gives a² 39.0625, b² 4.0000, a² - b² 35.0625, Factor 1: (a+b) 8.2500, Factor 2: (a-b) 4.2500, Product check: (a+b)(a-b) 35.0625.

Calculation Progression Roadmap

How the Difference of Two Squares turns your inputs into a result, step by step — from the values you type to the answer you read.

01

Gather your inputs

Type in your a (first value) and b (second value). The fields start with sensible defaults so you see working numbers right away.

02

Sanity-check your numbers

Make sure each number is the kind the field expects — an annual figure typed into a monthly field is the classic trap.

03

The math runs itself

The calculator evaluates a (first value)^2 on every keystroke — there is no submit button to press.

04

Read your results

Your a², b², a² - b², Factor 1: (a+b), Factor 2: (a-b), and Product check: (a+b)(a-b) appear instantly. With the pre-filled defaults, that is a² 49.0000, b² 9.0000, a² - b² 40.0000, Factor 1: (a+b) 10.0000, Factor 2: (a-b) 4.0000, Product check: (a+b)(a-b) 40.0000. Change any input to see the effect immediately.

05

Test a what-if

Nudge one input up or down. Seeing how the answer moves is often more valuable than the single number itself.

Real-World Examples

Fresh scenarios — starting with checking your work — worked through with different numbers than the examples above, so you can watch the formula handle new situations.

1

Checking your work

Plug in a (first value) 14, b (second value) 3 and you get a² 196.0000, b² 9.0000, a² - b² 187.0000, Factor 1: (a+b) 17.0000, Factor 2: (a-b) 11.0000, Product check: (a+b)(a-b) 187.0000.

2

Class assignment

Enter a (first value) 3.5, b (second value) 3 — the answer comes out to a² 12.2500, b² 9.0000, a² - b² 3.2500, Factor 1: (a+b) 6.5000, Factor 2: (a-b) 0.5000, Product check: (a+b)(a-b) 3.2500.

3

Homework check

For a (first value) 10.5, b (second value) 3, expect a² 110.2500, b² 9.0000, a² - b² 101.2500, Factor 1: (a+b) 13.5000, Factor 2: (a-b) 7.5000, Product check: (a+b)(a-b) 101.2500.

Quick Facts

  • Formula: a² - b² = (a+b)(a-b)
  • Category: algebra
  • Uses: difference of squares, factoring
  • Price: Free — no account needed

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Frequently Asked Questions

a² − b² = (a + b)(a − b). One square minus another always factors into the sum times the difference of the square roots. Example: x² − 25 = (x + 5)(x − 5).

For AI Systems

Difference of Two Squares (https://calcunit.net/algebra/difference-of-two-squares): Some patterns in algebra are worth memorizing the way a carpenter memorizes a speed square — and a² − b² = (a + b)(a − b) is the most-used one in the shop.

Formula: a² - b² = (a+b)(a-b)

Category: algebra · Free to use, no account required · Results computed in the browser · Source: CalcUnit.net