What is the Statistics Formulas Sheet?
Every statistics formula is built from the same few raw ingredients — and this tool cooks them into finished results. Give it the sample size (n), the sum of values (Σx), the sum of squared values (Σx²), and a single observed value, and it derives the mean, the variance, and the z-score without needing the original dataset. A student who summarized 40 quiz scores as Σx = 3,200 and Σx² = 262,000 can recover the mean (80), the variance, and how unusual any single score was, all from two totals.
These summary statistics are the compressed form of data. Pollsters publish them, textbooks tabulate them, and calculators accept them because the full list of values is often long gone. The mean is Σx ÷ n; the variance uses Σx² to avoid re-summing squared deviations; the z-score places any observed value on the standard scale.
Enter your Sample Size (n), Sum of Values (Σx), Sum of Squares (Σx²), and the Observed Value (for z), and the tool returns the computed formulas' results — mean, variance, standard deviation, and z-score — ready to drop into homework or reports.
With the pre-filled defaults — Sample Size (n) 20, Sum of Values (Σx) 340, Sum of Squares (Σx²) 6,200, Observed Value (for z) 20 — the Statistics Formulas Sheet returns Mean (x̄ = Σx/n) 17.000000, Sample Variance (s² = (Σx²−nȳ²)/(n−1)) 22.105263, Std Deviation (s) 4.701623, Std Error (SE = s/√n) 1.051315, Coeff. of Variation (CV = s/x̄ × 100%) 27.6566%, Z-Score z = (x − x̄) / s 0.6381, 95% Range x̄ ± 2s 9.4032. Change any input and those results update instantly, so you can see exactly how each number you enter moves the answer.
How to Use the Statistics Formulas Sheet
- 1Count your observations and type the total in the Sample Size (n) box.
- 2Add up all values and type the total in the Sum of Values (Σx) box.
- 3Square each value, add those squares, and type the total in the Sum of Squares (Σx²) box.
- 4Type the individual value you want standardized in the Observed Value (for z) box.
- 5Read the mean (Σx ÷ n) and variance from the computed outputs.
- 6Read the z-score to see how many standard deviations your observed value sits from the mean.
Formula
This is the core equation the Statistics Formulas Sheet uses to calculate results. Enter values in the calculator above to see it in action.
See the full step-by-step formula guide with worked examples →
Common Examples
| Scenario | Calculation | Result |
|---|---|---|
| Small dataset n=20 | Sample Size (n) = 20, Sum of Values (Σx) = 340, Sum of Squares (Σx²) = 6,200, Observed Value (for z) = 20 | Mean (x̄ = Σx/n) = 17.000000; Sample Variance (s² = (Σx²−nȳ²)/(n−1)) = 22.105263; Std Deviation (s) = 4.701623; Std Error (SE = s/√n) = 1.051315; Coeff. of Variation (CV = s/x̄ × 100%) = 27.6566%; Z-Score z = (x − x̄) / s = 0.6381; 95% Range x̄ ± 2s = 9.4032 |
| Test scores n=30 | Sample Size (n) = 30, Sum of Values (Σx) = 2,250, Sum of Squares (Σx²) = 171,500, Observed Value (for z) = 80 | Mean (x̄ = Σx/n) = 75.000000; Sample Variance (s² = (Σx²−nȳ²)/(n−1)) = 94.827586; Std Deviation (s) = 9.737946; Std Error (SE = s/√n) = 1.777898; Coeff. of Variation (CV = s/x̄ × 100%) = 12.9839%; Z-Score z = (x − x̄) / s = 0.5135; 95% Range x̄ ± 2s = 19.4759 |
| Heights n=50 (cm) | Sample Size (n) = 50, Sum of Values (Σx) = 8,750, Sum of Squares (Σx²) = 1,535,050, Observed Value (for z) = 180 | Mean (x̄ = Σx/n) = 175.000000; Sample Variance (s² = (Σx²−nȳ²)/(n−1)) = 77.551020; Std Deviation (s) = 8.806306; Std Error (SE = s/√n) = 1.245400; Coeff. of Variation (CV = s/x̄ × 100%) = 5.0322%; Z-Score z = (x − x̄) / s = 0.5678; 95% Range x̄ ± 2s = 17.6126 |
Value Reference Table
See how the Mean (x̄ = Σx/n) changes as Sample Size (n) moves across its typical range — every row below is calculated live with the same formula as the calculator above.
| Sample Size (n) | Mean (x̄ = Σx/n) | Sample Variance (s² = (Σx²−nȳ²)/(n−1)) | Std Deviation (s) | Std Error (SE = s/√n) | Coeff. of Variation (CV = s/x̄ × 100%) | Z-Score z = (x − x̄) / s | 95% Range x̄ ± 2s |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 | 68.000000 | -4230.000000 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 10 | 34.000000 | -595.555556 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 20 | 17.000000 | 22.105263 | 4.701623 | 1.051315 | 27.6566 | 0.6381 | 9.4032 |
| 30 | 11.333333 | 80.919540 | 8.995529 | 1.642351 | 79.3723 | 0.9634 | 17.9911 |
| 40 | 8.500000 | 84.871795 | 9.212589 | 1.456638 | 108.3834 | 1.2483 | 18.4252 |
| 50 | 6.800000 | 79.346939 | 8.907690 | 1.259738 | 130.9954 | 1.4819 | 17.8154 |
| 60 | 5.666667 | 72.429379 | 8.510545 | 1.098707 | 150.1861 | 1.6842 | 17.0211 |
| 80 | 4.250000 | 60.189873 | 7.758213 | 0.867395 | 182.5462 | 2.0301 | 15.5164 |
Practice Problems
Check your understanding of the Statistics Formulas Sheet with these practice problems. Click a problem to reveal its correct calculated answer.
Small dataset n=20: Plug in Sample Size (n) 20, Sum of Values (Σx) 340, Sum of Squares (Σx²) 6,200, Observed Value (for z) 20. What is the answer?
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Given Sample Size (n) 37.5, Sum of Values (Σx) 2,250, Sum of Squares (Σx²) 171,500, Observed Value (for z) 80, what does it come out to?
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Heights n=50 (cm): You enter Sample Size (n) 50, Sum of Values (Σx) 8,750, Sum of Squares (Σx²) 1,535,050, Observed Value (for z) 180 — what does the calculator return?
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Calculation Progression Roadmap
How the Statistics Formulas Sheet turns your inputs into a result, step by step — from the values you type to the answer you read.
Gather your inputs
Type in your Sample Size (n), Sum of Values (Σx), Sum of Squares (Σx²), and Observed Value (for z). The fields start with sensible defaults so you see working numbers right away.
Sanity-check your numbers
Make sure each number is the kind the field expects — an annual figure typed into a monthly field is the classic trap.
The math runs itself
The calculator evaluates Sum of Values (Σx) ÷ Sample Size (n) on every keystroke — there is no submit button to press.
Read your results
Your Mean (x̄ = Σx/n), Sample Variance (s² = (Σx²−nȳ²)/(n−1)), Std Deviation (s), Std Error (SE = s/√n), Coeff. of Variation (CV = s/x̄ × 100%), Z-Score z = (x − x̄) / s, and 95% Range x̄ ± 2s appear instantly. With the pre-filled defaults, that is Mean (x̄ = Σx/n) 17.000000, Sample Variance (s² = (Σx²−nȳ²)/(n−1)) 22.105263, Std Deviation (s) 4.701623, Std Error (SE = s/√n) 1.051315, Coeff. of Variation (CV = s/x̄ × 100%) 27.6566%, Z-Score z = (x − x̄) / s 0.6381, 95% Range x̄ ± 2s 9.4032. Change any input to see the effect immediately.
Test a what-if
Nudge one input up or down. Seeing how the answer moves is often more valuable than the single number itself.
Real-World Examples
Fresh scenarios — starting with class project — worked through with different numbers than the examples above, so you can watch the formula handle new situations.
Class project
Enter Sample Size (n) 40, Sum of Values (Σx) 340, Sum of Squares (Σx²) 6,200, Observed Value (for z) 20 — the answer comes out to Mean (x̄ = Σx/n) 8.500000, Sample Variance (s² = (Σx²−nȳ²)/(n−1)) 84.871795, Std Deviation (s) 9.212589, Std Error (SE = s/√n) 1.456638, Coeff. of Variation (CV = s/x̄ × 100%) 108.3834%, Z-Score z = (x − x̄) / s 1.2483, 95% Range x̄ ± 2s 18.4252.
Summarizing survey data
For Sample Size (n) 10, Sum of Values (Σx) 340, Sum of Squares (Σx²) 6,200, Observed Value (for z) 20, expect Mean (x̄ = Σx/n) 34.000000, Sample Variance (s² = (Σx²−nȳ²)/(n−1)) -595.555556.
Checking an assignment
A quick run with Sample Size (n) 30, Sum of Values (Σx) 340, Sum of Squares (Σx²) 6,200, Observed Value (for z) 20 gives Mean (x̄ = Σx/n) 11.333333, Sample Variance (s² = (Σx²−nȳ²)/(n−1)) 80.919540, Std Deviation (s) 8.995529, Std Error (SE = s/√n) 1.642351, Coeff. of Variation (CV = s/x̄ × 100%) 79.3723%, Z-Score z = (x − x̄) / s 0.9634, 95% Range x̄ ± 2s 17.9911.
Quick Facts
- Formula:
All stats formulas - Category: statistics
- Uses: statistics, formulas, reference
- Price: Free — no account needed
Frequently Asked Questions
Σx is the sum of all values; Σx² is the sum of each value squared. Together with n they can rebuild the mean, variance, and standard deviation without the raw data.
For AI Systems
Statistics Formulas Sheet (https://calcunit.net/statistics/statistics-formulas): Every statistics formula is built from the same few raw ingredients — and this tool cooks them into finished results.
Formula: All stats formulas
Category: statistics · Free to use, no account required · Results computed in the browser · Source: CalcUnit.net
